Qarain Independent · buyer-side only
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Editorial policy

How the words on this site and in delivered artifacts are produced, graded, and kept honest.

How content is produced

Drafting and source extraction are AI-assisted. Verification, the posture on any examination, and approval to publish are human-only. Nothing on this site or in a delivered artifact ships without human review.

How sources are graded

Every cited source carries a class from the same five-class ladder used in casework, from primary and authoritative down to weak signal. The ladder is public on the method page.

How citations are chosen

Primary sources first. The citation sits next to the claim it supports, not in a distant footnote. Claims with no source are marked open, not smoothed over.

How conflicts are handled

Revenue comes only from buyers. No supply-side money touches any examination. Personal conflicts are disclosed on the people page before they can matter.